A na-anwale ọtụtụ usoro nri dị iche iche mgbe niile iji melite àgwà anụ nke broilers. Betaine nwere ihe pụrụ iche iji melite mma anụ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa nguzozi osmotic, metabolism nri na ikike antioxidant nke broilers. Mana kedu ka e kwesịrị isi nye ya iji nweta uru ya niile?

N'ọmụmụ ihe e bipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Anụ ọkụkọ, ndị nchọpụta gbalịrị ịza ajụjụ a dị n'elu site n'ịtụnyere arụmọrụ uto broiler na ịdị mma anụ na ụdị abụọ nkebetaine: betaine na-anaghị agbaze agbaze na hydrochloride betaine.

A na-enweta Betaine dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri n'ụdị kemịkalụ e ji mee ka ọ dị ọcha. Ụdị betaine kachasị ewu ewu maka nri bụ anhydrous betaine na hydrochloride betaine. Ka a na-eri anụ ọkụkọ nke ukwuu, e tinyela ụzọ ọrụ ugbo siri ike n'ime mmepụta broiler iji melite mmepụta. Agbanyeghị, mmepụta a siri ike nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na broiler, dị ka ọdịmma adịghị mma na mbelata ịdị mma anụ.

Ọgwụ nje dị irè n'ime ọkụkọ

Ihe na-emegiderịta onwe ya bụ na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ pụtara na ndị ahịa na-atụ anya ka anụ ahụ dị mma ma dị mma. Ya mere, a nwalela ọtụtụ usoro nri iji melite ịdị mma anụ nke broilers ebe betaine enwetawo nlebara anya dị ukwuu n'ihi nri na ọrụ anụ ahụ ya.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na betaine bụ shuga beet na ihe ndị ọzọ ha na-esi na ya apụta, dịka molasses. Agbanyeghị, betaine dịkwa dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri nwere ụdị nri kachasị ewu ewu.betaineha bụ betaine na hydrochloride betaine.

N'ozuzu, betaine, dịka onye na-enye methyl, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa nguzozi osmotic, metabolism nri na ikike antioxidant nke broilers. N'ihi usoro molekul dị iche iche, betaine anhydrous na-egosi ike ịgbaze na mmiri karịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere hydrochloride betaine, si otú a na-eme ka ikike osmotic ya dịkwuo elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, hydrochloride betaine na-akpali mbelata pH n'ime afọ, si otú a nwee ike imetụta nnabata nri n'ụdị dị iche na betaine anhydrous.

Nri ndị a

Ọmụmụ ihe a malitere inyocha mmetụta nke ụdị betaine abụọ (anhydrous betaine na hydrochloride betaine) nwere n'otú e si eto, ịdị mma anụ na ikike antioxidant nke broilers. E kewara ụmụ ọkụkọ broiler nwoke 400 ọhụrụ n'ime otu ise ma nye ha nri ise n'oge nnwale nri ụbọchị 52.

E mepụtara ihe abụọ e ji betaine mee ka ha dị nhata. Nri ndị a bụ ndị a.
Nchịkwa: E nyere ndị na-azụ anụ ọkụkọ nri n'ime otu ndị na-achịkwa nri dị ka nri ọka na soybean.
Nri betaine nke na-anaghị amịkọrọ mmiri: Nri basal nke e tinyere njupụta abụọ nke 500 na 1,000 mg/kg nke betaine anhydrous
Nri hydrochloride betaine: Nri basal nke e tinyere njupụta abụọ nke 642.23 na 1284.46 mg/kg hydrochloride betaine.

Arụmọrụ uto na mmepụta anụ

N'ọmụmụ ihe a, nri e tinyere na nnukwu betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri ka mma nke ukwuu, iri nri, belata FCR ma mụbaa mmepụta akwara ara na apata ụkwụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu njikwa na hydrochloride betaine. Mmụba arụmọrụ uto jikọtara ya na mmụba nke ntinye protein a hụrụ na akwara ara: nnukwu betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri mụbara nke ukwuu (site na 4.7%) ọdịnaya protein dị ọcha n'anụ ara ebe nnukwu hydrochloride betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri mụbara nke ukwuu (site na 3.9%).

A tụrụ aro na mmetụta a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na betaine nwere ike isonye na usoro methionine iji chekwaa methionine site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enye methyl, ya mere enwere ike iji methionine karịa maka mmepụta protein akwara. E tinyekwara otu ihe ahụ na ọrụ betaine na-arụ n'ịchịkwa ngosipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa myogenic na ụzọ mgbaàmà insulin-like growth factor-1 nke na-akwado mmụba na ntinye protein akwara.

Tinyere nke ahụ, e mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na betaine nke na-anaghị agbaze na-atọ ụtọ, ebe hydrochloride betaine na-atọ ilu, nke nwere ike imetụta nri na oriri nke broilers. Ọzọkwa, usoro nke nri na ịmịkọrọ ihe na-adabere na epithelium eriri afọ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, yabụ ikike osmotic nke betaine nwere ike imetụta nri nke ọma. Betaine nke na-anaghị agbaze na-egosi ikike osmotic ka mma karịa hydrochloride betaine n'ihi na ọ na-agbaze nke ọma. Ya mere, broilers e nyere betaine nke na-anaghị agbaze nwere ike inwe ike ịmịkọrọ ihe ka mma karịa ndị a na-enye hydrochloride betaine.

Akwara glycolysis anaerobic glycolysis mgbe a nwụsịrị na ikike antioxidant bụ ihe abụọ dị mkpa na-egosi ịdị mma nke anụ. Mgbe ọbara gbawara, nkwụsị nke ikuku oxygen na-agbanwe metabolism nke akwara. Mgbe ahụ anaerobic glycolysis na-apụta n'enweghị mgbagha ma na-akpali mkpokọta lactic acid.

N'ọmụmụ ihe a, nri e tinyere betaine a na-anaghị enweta mmiri nke ukwuu belatara nke ukwuu n'ime akwara ara. Nchịkọta lactic acid bụ isi ihe kpatara pH akwara ji ada mgbe e gbusịrị ya. Oke pH nke akwara ara nwere nnukwu betaine na ọmụmụ ihe a gosiri na betaine nwere ike imetụta glycolysis nke akwara mgbe a nwụchara ya iji belata mkpokọta lactate na protein denaturation, nke na-ebelata mfu mmiri ahụ.

N'ọmụmụ ihe a, nri e tinyere na oke betaine belatara nke ukwuu n'ime akwara ara na apata ụkwụ, nke na-egosi na betaine nwere ike ibelata mmebi oxidative.

A na-achịkwa mRNA nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa antioxidant (Nrf2 na HO-1) n'ime otu betaine anhydrous karịa nri hydrochloride betaine, nke kwekọrọ na mmụba ka ukwuu na ikike antioxidant akwara.

Usoro akwadoro

Site na nnyocha a, ndị nchọpụta ahụ kwubiri na betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri na-egosi mmetụta ka mma karịa hydrochloride betaine n'ime ka uto na uru ara dịkwuo mma na ọkụkọ broiler. Betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri (1,000 mg/kg) ma ọ bụ mgbakwunye betaine nke equimolar hydrochloride nwekwara ike ime ka anụ broiler dịkwuo mma site na ibelata ọdịnaya lactate iji mee ka uru ahụ dịkwuo elu, na-emetụta nkesa mmiri anụ iji belata mfu ntapụ mmiri, na ime ka ikike antioxidant akwara dịkwuo mma. N'ịtụle ma arụmọrụ uto na ịdị mma anụ, a tụrụ aro betaine nke na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri 1,000 mg/kg maka broiler.