N'oge ọkọchị, osisi na-eche nrụgide dị iche iche ihu dịka oke okpomọkụ, ọkụ siri ike, ụkọ mmiri (nrụgide mmiri), na nrụgide oxidative. Betaine, dị ka ihe dị mkpa na-achịkwa osmotic na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ọcha dakọtara, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na iguzogide nrụgide oge okpomọkụ ndị a. Ọrụ ya bụ isi gụnyere:

1. Iwu nkesa:
Nọgide na-enwe nrụgide turgor nke sel:

Oke okpomọkụ na oké ọkọchị na-eme ka osisi ghara inwe mmiri, na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke ike osmotic cytoplasmic (na-aghọ nkọ), nke na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị na mkpụrụ ndụ site na vacuoles gbara ya gburugburu ma ọ bụ mgbidi sel nwere ikike ịmịkọrọ mmiri siri ike. Betaine na-agbakọta n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na cytoplasm, na-ebelata ikike osmotic nke cytoplasm nke ọma, na-enyere mkpụrụ ndụ aka ịnọgide na-enwe nrụgide turgor dị elu, si otú a na-eguzogide mmiri ịkpọ nkụ ma na-edobe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke nhazi na ọrụ sel.

Nrụgide osmotic vacuolar kwesịrị ekwesị:

Ọtụtụ ion ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma (dịka K ⁺, Cl ⁻, wdg) na-agbakọta n'ime vacuole iji nọgide na-enwe nrụgide osmotic. Betaine dịkarịsịrị na cytoplasm, mkpokọta ya na-enyekwa aka ịhazi ọdịiche nrụgide osmotic dị n'etiti cytoplasm na vacuoles, na-egbochi mmebi nke cytoplasm n'ihi oke mmiri mmiri.

2. Ichebe ihe ndị dị ndụ:
Ọdịdị protein kwụsiri ike:

Okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ibute mmebi protein na enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mkpụrụ ndụ Betaine na-ebu ụgwọ dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma (zwitterionic) ma nwee ike ime ka nhazi eke nke protein kwụsie ike site na njikọ hydrogen na mmiri mmiri, na-egbochi mpịachi, nchịkọta, ma ọ bụ denaturation na oke okpomọkụ. Nke a dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe ọrụ enzyme, protein ndị dị mkpa na photosynthesis, na ọrụ nke protein ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ metabolic.

Sistemụ ihe nkiri nchekwa:

Okpomọkụ dị elu na ụdị oxygen na-emegharị ahụ nwere ike imebi usoro lipid bilayer nke akpụkpọ ahụ sel (dịka akpụkpọ ahụ thylakoid na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma), na-ebute mmiri akpụkpọ ahụ na-adịghị mma, ntapu, na ọbụna mmebi. Betaine nwere ike ime ka nhazi akpụkpọ ahụ kwụsie ike, nọgide na-enwe mmiri nkịtị na ikike nhọrọ ya, ma chebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akụkụ ahụ na organelles photosynthetic.

3. Nchedo antioxidant:
Debe nguzozi osmotic ma belata mmebi nke abụọ nke nrụgide kpatara.

Mee ka usoro na ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant (dịka superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, wdg) guzosie ike, mee ka sistemụ antioxidant nke osisi ahụ dịkwuo mma, ma na-enyere aka iwepụ ụdị oxygen na-emegharị ahụ.
Mwepụ na-apụtaghị ìhè nke ụdị oxygen na-emegharị ahụ:

Anwụ siri ike na oke okpomọkụ n'oge ọkọchị nwere ike ime ka ọtụtụ ụdị oxygen na-emegharị ahụ n'ime osisi, na-akpata mmebi oxidative. Ọ bụ ezie na betaine n'onwe ya abụghị antioxidant siri ike, enwere ike ime ya site na:

4. Ichekwa fotosintesis:
Okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide ọkụ siri ike na-emebi usoro isi nke photosynthesis, photosystem II. Betaine nwere ike ichebe akpụkpọ ahụ thylakoid, nọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke usoro photosystem II, hụ na usoro njem elektrọn na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ma belata mgbochi fotoinfection nke photosynthesis.

5. Dịka onye na-enye onyinye methyl:

Betaine bụ otu n'ime ndị na-enye methyl dị mkpa n'ihe ndị dị ndụ, na-etinye aka na usoro methionine. N'ọnọdụ nrụgide, ọ nwere ike isonye na mmepụta ma ọ bụ nhazi metabolic nke ụfọdụ ihe na-azaghachi nrụgide site n'inye otu methyl.

Na nchịkọta, n'oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọrụ bụ isi nke betaine na osisi bụ:

Idobe mmiri na iguzogide oké ọkọchị:ịlụso akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ ọgụ site na nchịkwa osmotic.
Nchedo iguzogide okpomọkụ:na-echebe protein, enzymes, na akpụkpọ ahụ sel site na mmebi okpomọkụ dị elu.

Nguzogide oxidation:na-eme ka ikike antioxidant dịkwuo elu ma na-ebelata mmebi fotooxidative.
Nọgide na-enwe fotosynthesis:chebe akụkụ ahụ ndị na-emepụta fotosynthesis ma nọgide na-enye ike dị mkpa.

Ya mere, mgbe osisi hụrụ ihe mgbaàmà nrụgide dị ka oke okpomọkụ na ọkọchị, ha na-eme ka ụzọ mmepụta betaine rụọ ọrụ (karịsịa site na oxidation nke choline na chloroplasts nke nzọụkwụ abụọ), na-agbakọta betaine nke ọma iji mee ka nrụgide ha ka mma ma melite ikike ha ịlanarị n'oge okpomọkụ siri ike. Ụfọdụ ihe ọkụkụ na-anabata ụkọ mmiri na nnu (dịka beet shuga n'onwe ha, spinach, wit, bali, wdg) nwere ike siri ike ịchịkọta betaine.

N'ọrụ ugbo, a na-ejikwa ịgba betaine n'èzí dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali iji mee ka ihe ọkụkụ (dịka ọka, tomato, ose, wdg) ghara iguzogide okpomọkụ na nrụgide oké ọkọchị.