Site na mmụba nke oke ọdịbendị na mmụba nke njupụta omenala, ọrịa Apostichopus japonicus aghọọla ihe dị oke njọ, nke butere nnukwu mfu na ụlọ ọrụ aquaculture. Ọrịa Apostichopus japonicus na-abụkarị nje bacteria, nje virus na ciliates, nke Vibrio brilliant kpatara bụ ihe kacha njọ. Site na mmụba nke ọrịa ahụ, mgbidi ahụ nke ọnya Apostichopus japonicus, na-etolite ntụpọ anụnụ anụnụ na ọcha, ma mechaa gbazee onwe ya ruo ọnwụ, na-agbaze n'ime imi dị ka colloid. Na mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ọdịnala, a na-eji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu. Mana iji ọgwụ nje ogologo oge eme ihe abụghị naanị na ọ nwere ihe egwu zoro ezo nke iguzogide nje bacteria na ihe fọdụrụ n'ọgwụ, kamakwa ọ na-eweta nchekwa nri na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, mmepe nke nkwadebe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, iji belata ọrịa kukumba bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị a na-eme nnyocha ugbu a.

Potassium diformate bụ ntụ ọcha kristal na-adịghị ọcha, kpọrọ nkụ ma na-enweghị ụtọ. Ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye nri mbụ na-abụghị ọgwụ nje nke European Union kwadoro iji dochie ọgwụ nje. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite uto nke anụmanụ ndị a zụlitere, gbochie uto nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ, ma melite gburugburu eriri afọ. Potassium diformate nwere ike ime ka uto na mmepụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri ka mma nke ukwuu.

1 Nsonaazụ ule

1.1 Mmetụta nke potassium diformate nri na uto na ndụ nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

Ọnụọgụgụ mkpụrụ ndụ Apostichopus japonicus mụbara nke ukwuu ka ọdịnaya potassium diformate nri mụbara. Mgbe ọdịnaya potassium diformate nri ruru 0.8%, ya bụ, mgbe ọdịnaya potassium diformate nri bụ 1.0% na 1.2%, ọnụego uto kpọmkwem nke Apostichopus japonicus dị elu nke ukwuu karịa nke ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ, Mana enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche (P > 0.05) (tebụl 2-2). Ọnụọgụgụ ndụ nke kukumba mmiri bụ 100% n'ìgwè niile.

1.2 Mmetụta nke potassium diformate nri na ihe ngosi ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

Ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu njikwa, ọkwa dị iche iche nke potassium dicarboxylate nwere ike ime ka ikike phagocytic nke coelomocytes na mmepụta nke O2 ka mma - n'ọkwa dị iche iche (tebụl 2-3). Mgbe etinyere potassium diformate na 1.0% na 1.2%, ọrụ phagocytic nke coelomocytes na mmepụta nke ụdị oxygen reactive O2 - na kukumba oké osimiri dị elu karịa nke dị na otu njikwa, mana enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu potassium diformate 1% na 1.2%, ma ọ bụ n'etiti ọkwa potassium diformate ndị ọzọ na otu njikwa. Site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya potassium dicarboxylate na nri, SOD na NOS nke kukumba oké osimiri mụbara.

1.3 Mmetụta nke potassium diformate na iguzogide kukumba mmiri na ọrịa Vibrio brilliant

Ụbọchị 1.4 mgbe ihe ịma aka gasịrị, ọnwụ nke kukumba mmiri dị n'ime otu njikwa bụ 46.67%, nke dị elu karịa nke dị na otu 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% na 1.2% nke potassium diformate (26.67%, 26.67%, 30%, 30% na 23.33%), mana enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche na otu ọgwụgwọ 0.2% (38.33%). Ọnwụ nke kukumba mmiri dị na otu 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% na 1.2% nke potassium diformate enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche.

2. Mkparịta ụka

2.1 Mmetụta nke potassium dicarboxylate na uto nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

N'ime anụmanụ, usoro potassium dicarboxylate ji arụ ọrụ bụ isi ịbanye n'ime eriri afọ, melite gburugburu afọ, ịchịkwa pH, ma gbuo nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ (Ramli na sunanto, 2005). Na mgbakwunye, potassium diformate nwekwara ike ịkwalite nnabata nke ihe oriri na nri ma melite ọsọ nri na ojiji nke anụmanụ ndị a zụlitere. N'iji anụmanụ mmiri eme ihe, nnwale egosila na potassium diformate nwere ike ime ka uto na ọnụego ndụ nke oporo dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu (he Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). N'ọmụmụ ihe a, etinyere uto nke kukumba mmiri (Apostichopus japonicus) site na itinye potassium dicarboxylate na nri, nke kwekọrọ na nsonaazụ nke itinye potassium dicarboxylate na piglets na mmecha ezì nke verland kọrọ. M (2000).

2.2 Mmetụta nke potassium dicarboxylate na mgbochi nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus nwere otu usoro nchekwa ahụ dịka echinoderms ndị ọzọ, nke a na-emecha site na mmeghachi omume mgbochi sel na nke na-abụghị sel (humoral). A na-ejikarị ya achọpụta ma wepụ ahụ mba ọzọ na-abanye n'ahụ anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ mee ka ahụ mba ọzọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, ma dozie ọnyá. A na-emecha mmeghachi omume mgbochi sel nke echinoderms site na ọtụtụ coelomocytes, nke na-emepụta usoro nchebe nke echinoderms. Ọrụ bụ isi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a gụnyere phagocytosis, mmeghachi omume cytotoxin, na mmepụta nke ihe nje bacteria na ọkwa coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000). N'ime usoro nke phagocytosis, nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ihe mejupụtara mgbidi sel bacteria nwere ike ịkpalite coelomocytes iji mepụta ụdị oxygen reactive (ROS), gụnyere no, H2O2, oh na O2 -. Na nnwale a, itinye 1.0% na 1.2% potassium dicarboxylate na nri mụbara ọrụ phagocytic nke coelomocytes na mmepụta nke ụdị oxygen reactive. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa ka a mụọkwuo usoro nke potassium diformate iji mee ka ọrụ phagocytic na mmepụta O2 dịkwuo elu.

2.3 Mmetụta nke potassium dicarboxylate na osisi eriri afọ nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

Enwere ike ịgbari potassium dicarboxylate ka ọ bụrụ formic acid ma mepụta ya n'ime gburugburu alkaline na-adịghị ike ma banye n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ nje site na akpụkpọ ahụ sel. Ọ nwere ike ịgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ dịka Escherichia coli na Salmonella site na ịgbanwe uru pH n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ma gbochie mmụba ha, ka o wee chịkwaa nguzozi microecological nke eriri afọ (eidelsburger, 1998). Mmetụta nke potassium dicarboxylate na microflora eriri afọ, n'ụzọ macroscopic, H + nke potassium dicarboxylate mepụtara na-ebelata uru pH n'ime eriri afọ ma na-egbochi uto nke microflora eriri afọ. N'ụzọ microscopic, H + na-abanye na mkpụrụ ndụ nje bacteria site na membrane sel, na-ebibi ọrụ nke enzymes intracellular ozugbo, na-emetụta metabolism nke protein microbial na nucleic acid, ma na-arụ ọrụ na sterilization (Roth, 1998). Nsonaazụ gosiri na potassium diformate enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na nje bacteria eriri afọ nke kukumba mmiri, mana ọ nwere ike igbochi ọnụọgụ nke Vibrio nke ukwuu.

2.4 Mmetụta nke potassium dicarboxylate na iguzogide ọrịa nke kukumba mmiri Apostichopus japonicus

Vibrio splendens bụ nje bacteria na-akpata ọrịa akpụkpọ ahụ nke kukumba mmiri, nke na-emerụ mmepụta na ịkọ kukumba mmiri. Nnwale a gosiri na itinye potassium dicarboxylate na nri ahụ belatara ọnwụ nke kukumba mmiri nke nwere Vibrio brilliant. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmetụta mgbochi nke potassium diformate na Vibrio.

Mmechi 3

Nsonaazụ gosiri na potassium diformate nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'uto nke Apostichopus japonicus, nwere mmetụta dị mma na mgbochi nke na-abụghị kpọmkwem nke Apostichopus japonicus, ma mee ka mgbochi humoral na cellular nke Apostichopus japonicus dịkwuo mma. Ntinye nke potassium dicarboxylate na nri belatara ọnụọgụ nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ n'ime eriri afọ nke kukumba mmiri, ma mee ka iguzogide ọrịa nke kukumba mmiri nke Vibrio brilliant butere dịkwuo mma. Na mmechi, enwere ike iji potassium dicarboxylate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ahụ sie ike na nri kukumba mmiri, yana usoro kwesịrị ekwesị nke potassium dicarboxylate bụ 1.0%.